Flowers at a Glance
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- ff: and following
- height: typical height at maturity
- season: peak bloom time
- start: suggested number of weeks before transplanting
- temp: suggested soil temperatures for good germination
- days: number of days to seedling emergence
| Name | item# | Botanical Name | APB | height | uses | season | sow | start | temp | days | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achillea | 4803ff | Achillea spp. | perennial | 18-24" | beds and borders, drying, cutting | early summer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall, transplant | 8-10 | 60-65° | 10–14 | needs light to germinate |
| Ageratum | 4811ff | Ageratum houstonianum | annual | 24" | beds and borders, cutting, drying | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 4–6 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow |
| Alyssum | 4821 | Lobularia maritima | annual | 2-4" | fragrance, beds and borders, windowbox, container | early summer-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 5-6 | 55-70° | 8–14 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow |
| Amaranth | 4831ff | A. cruentus, gangeticus | annual | 3-6' | cutting, novel accent, drying, edible | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP | 6-7 | 70-85° | 10–14 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate |
| Aster, New York | 4849 | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | perennial | 36-48" | beds and borders | late summer-fall after frost | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–36 | chill seed 2 weeks |
| Aster, China | 4852ff | Callistephus chinensis | annual | 12-30" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 12-14 | 70-85° | 10–21 | can grow in partial shade |
| Baby’s Breath | 4861 | Gypsophila paniculata | perennial | 24-40" | beds and borders, drying, cutting | midsummer-late summer | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP | 8-10 | 65-70° | 14–21 | surface sow |
| Bachelor’s Button | 4871ff | Centaurea cyanus | annual | 24-36" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall after frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 8-9 | 60-65° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade, cover sow |
| Balloon Flower | 4881 | Platycodon grandiflorus | perennial | 30-42" | cutting, beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 15–30 | surface sow |
| Balsam | 4883 | Impatiens balsamina | annual | 24" | beds and borders | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 70-85° | 8–10 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow | |
| Bee Balm | 4886 | Monarda didyma | perennial | 30" | beds and borders, cutting, drying | midsummer-late summer | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 8-10 | 60-70° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate |
| Begonia | 4889 | Begonia x tuberhybrida | tender perennial grown as annual | 8-12" | beds and borders, windowbox, container | early summer-late summer | transplant | 12-14 | 70-85° | 14–28 | can grow in full shade or part shade |
| Bells of Ireland | 4896 | Moluccella laevis | annual | 30" | drying, beds and borders, novel accent | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 60-65° | 12–21 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow, chill seed 5 days 50° |
| Bouncing Bet | 5920 | Saponaria officinalis | perennial | 1-3' | beds and borders, ground cover, fragrance | midsummer | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 14–28 | can grow in partial shade, stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Broom Corn | 5437 | Sorghum bicolor | annual | 7-11' | drying | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 70-85° | 7–10 | ||
| Bupleurum | 4903 | Bupleurum rotundifolium | annual | 2' | drying, cutting, novel accent | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 8-10 | 60-65° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade |
| Butterfly Weed | 4906 | Asclepias tuberosa | perennial | 18-30" | beds and borders, cutting, novel accent | early summer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall | 70-85° | 14–28 | chill seed 4 weeks 34-40° | |
| Calendula | 4911ff | Calendula officinalis | annual | 18-24" | beds and borders, drying, cutting, edible | early summer-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-65° | 4–10 | cover sow |
| Campanula | 4930 | Campanula carpatica | perennial | 6-8" | beds and borders, groundcover, windowbox, container | early summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 20–30 | can grow in partial shade |
| Canary Creeper | 4932 | Tropaeolum pereginum | annual | 8' | beds and borders, vining and climbing | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 6-8 | 60-65° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade, cover sow |
| Catmint, Persian | 4937 | Nepeta mussinii | perennial | 12" | beds and borders, ground cover | spring-midsummer | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-65° | 10–14 | |
| Celosia, Plume/Spike | 4950ff | C. a. plumosa, spicata | annual | 3-6' | drying, cutting, novel accent, beds and borders | late summer | transplant | 8-10 | 70-85° | 10–14 | |
| Cerinthe | 4962 | C. major purpurescens | annual | 12-18" | beds and borders | midsummer-fall after frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | |
| Chinese Forget-Me-Not | 4965 | Cynoglossum amabile | annual | 18" | beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 6 | 65-70° | 5–10 | |
| Chinese Lantern | 4968 | Physalis alkekengi | perennial | 24" | drying, novel accent, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow in fall | 8 | 70-85° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow, invasive |
| Cleome | 4982ff | Cleome hassleriana | annual | 48" | beds and borders, novel accent | early summer-late summer | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 4-6 | 70-85° | 7–14 | chill seed surface sow |
| Coleus | 4992 | Coleus scutellarioides | tender perennial grown as annual | 10-12" | windowbox, container, beds and borders, novel accent | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 10–14 | can grow in full shade or part shade, needs light to germinate |
| Columbine | 4998ff | Aquilegia spp. | perennial | 18-30" | beds and borders | spring-early summer | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP | 6-8 | 70-85° | 14–28 | can grow in full shade or part shade, needs light to germinate, chill seed 3-4 weeks |
| Coneflower, Prairie | 5007 | Ratibida columnifera | perennial | 1-3' | beds and borders, novel accent | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–42 | chill seed 1 week |
| Coreopsis | 5012 | Coreopsis grandiflora | perennial | 18" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 8-10 | 60-70° | 7–21 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate |
| Cosmos | 5017ff | Cosmos bipinnatus | self-sowing annual | 3-5' | beds and borders, cutting, screen | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 2-4 | 70-85° | 7–10 | needs light to germinate |
| Cosmos, Yellow | 5039 | C. sulphureus | annual | 2-3' | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 2-4 | 70-85° | 7–10 | |
| Dahlia | 5044 | Dahlia x hybrida | tender perennial grown as annual | 12-14" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade |
| Daisy | 5047ff | Leucanthemum x superbum | perennial | 36" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-midsummer | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | |
| Delphinium | 5052ff | Delphinium x cultorum | perennial | 3-6' | beds and borders, cutting, drying | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 10 | 65-85° | 14–21 | chill seed 2-4 weeks |
| Dianthus (Carnation, Pink) | 5061ff | Dianthus spp. | annual | 12-20" | beds and borders, cutting, fragrance | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 7–14 | |
| Didiscus | 5067 | Trachymene coerulea | annual | 24" | cutting, beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 8 | 70-85° | 14–21 | |
| Drumstick Flower | 5072 | Craspedia globosa | tender perennial grown as annual | 1-3' | cutting, drying, beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | transplant, , direct sow in spring ASAP | 6-8 | 65-70° | 10–30 | |
| Dyer’s Coreopsis | 5904 | Coreopsis tinctoria | self-sowing annual | 30" | cutting, beds and borders | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-65° | 4–10 | surface sow, rugged |
| Echinacea | 4547ff | Echinacea spp. | perennial | 1-3' | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-late summer | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 8-10 | 70-85° | 10–21 | can grow in partial shade |
| Flax, Blue | 5079 | Linum perenne lewisii | perennial | 9-12" | beds and borders | early summer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-65° | 21–28 | can grow in partial shade |
| Flowering Cabbage/Kale | 5082ff | Brassica oleracea | annual | 8-18" | beds and borders, novel accent, edible | fall until frost-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 5-7 | 60-65° | 7–14 | start Jun for Aug TP |
| Forget-Me-Not | 5091 | Myosotis sylvatica | 6-12" | beds and borders, cutting, ground cover | spring-early summer | direct sow in spring ASAP | 8-10 | 65-70° | 8–30 | ||
| Four O’Clock | 5095 | Mirabilis jalapa | annual | 24-36" | beds and borders, fragrance | early summer-late summer | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 6-8 | 70-85° | 5–10 | |
| Gaillardia, perennial | 5097 | Gaillardia aristata | perennial | 24-36" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 6-8 | 70-85° | 14–21 | needs light to germinate |
| Gaillardia, annual | 5098 | Gaillardia pulchella | annual | 1-3' | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 4-6 | 70-85° | 7–20 | needs light to germinate |
| Gazania | 5100 | Gazania rigens | annual | 8-10" | beds and borders, windowbox, container | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 12 | needs light to germinate |
| Globe Amaranth | 5102ff | Gomphrena globosa | annual | 2' | beds and borders, drying | midsummer-fall after frost | transplant | 8-12 | 65-70° | 7–30 | needs darkness to germinate, chill seed 5 weeks |
| Godetia | 5111 | Clarkia amoena | annual | 20-30" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 4 | 60-70° | 7–14 | |
| Helen’s Flower | 5119 | Helenium autumnale | perennial | 4-5' | beds and borders, cutting | late summer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–21 | |
| Heliopsis (False Sunflower) | 5113 | H. scabra | perennial | 3-6' | beds and borders, cutting, screen | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 10-12 | 65-70° | 14–21 | |
| Heliotrope | 5116 | Heliotropium arborescens | tender perennial grown as annual | 14-18" | fragrance, windowbox, container, beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 21–28 | can grow in partial shade |
| Hibiscus | 5120 | H. moscheutos | perennial | 2-3' | beds and borders, novel accent | late summer-fall until frost | transplant | 8 | 70-85° | 10-30 | use peat pots |
| Hollyhock | 5122ff | Alcea rosea | self-sowing biennial | 4-8' | beds and borders, screen | midsummer-late summer | transplant, direct sow in fall | 8-9 | WM° | 7–21 | stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Honesty (Silver Dollar) | 5132 | Lunaria annua | biennial | 3' | drying, novel accent | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6 | 65-70° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade |
| Impatiens | 5142 | Impatiens walleriana | tender perennial grown as annual | 8-14" | windowbox, container, beds and borders | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 10 | 70-85° | 7–21 | can grow in full shade or part shade, needs light to germinate |
| Indigo, Japanese | 5911 | Persicaria tinctoria | annual | 1-2' | dye plant | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 20–60 | |
| Jacob’s Ladder | 5144 | Polemonium caeruleum | perennial | 1' | beds and borders | early summer | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 20–25 | can grow in partial shade |
| Job’s Tears | 5147 | Coix lacryma-jobi | annual | 24-36" | drying, novel accent | fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 60-65° | 7–14 | |
| Joe Pye Weed | 5150 | Eutrochium purpureum | perennial | 5-9' | beds and borders, novel accent, cutting | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall | 65-70° | 14–21 | surface sow, stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer | |
| Johnny-Jump-Up | 5152 | Viola tricolor | self-sowing perennial | 4-6" | edible, beds and borders | spring-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall | 65-70° | 12–14 | can grow in partial shade | |
| Kiss-Me-over-the-Garden-Gate | 5154 | Polygonum orientale | annual | 6-7' | novel accent, screen, beds and borders | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, direct sow in fall, transplant | 4-6 | 70-85° | 14–20 | cover sow, stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Lace Flower | 5157 | Orlaya grandiflora | annual | 2-3' | beds and borders, cutting, drying | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 4-5 | 65-70° | 12–16 | |
| Larkspur | 5160ff | Consolida spp. | annual | 24-36" | beds and borders, cutting, drying | early summer-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-65° | 14–28 | can grow in partial shade, cover sow, chill seed 1 week |
| Lavatera | 5171 | Lavatera trimestris | annual | 20-36" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade, cover sow |
| Lavender | 4585ff | Lavandula angustifolia | perennial | 2-3' | beds and borders, cutting, drying, fragrance | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 8-10 | 70-85° | 14–28 | stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer, needs light to germinate |
| Lobelia | 5180 | Lobelia erinus | tender perennial grown as annual | 4" | beds and borders, windowbox, container | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–20 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow, needs light to germinate |
| Love-in-a-Mist | 5184ff | Nigella spp. | annual | 15-24" | beds and borders, drying | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6 | 65-70° | 10–14 | |
| Love-Lies-Bleeding | 4831ff | Amaranthus caudatus | annual | 24-48" | beds and borders, novel accent, drying, edible | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 5-6 | 70-85° | 7–10 | use peat pots |
| Lupine | 5195ff | Lupinus polyphyllus | perennial | 36" | beds and borders | early summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 6-8 | 60-70° | 14–60 | can grow in partial shade, soak see 12-24 hours, use peat pots |
| Madder | 5913 | Rubia tinctorum | perennial | 3-4' | dye plant | fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 6-8 | 65-70° | 7–21 | |
| Maltese Cross | 5203 | Lychnis chalcedonica | perennial | 28-40" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade |
| Marigold | 5211ff | Tagetes spp. | annual | 8-30" | beds and borders, cutting, windowbox, container | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 3 | 70-85° | 5–8 | needs darkness to germinate |
| Mignonette | 5255 | Reseda odorata | annual | 10-15" | fragrance | early summer-late summer | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 65-70° | 10–14 | can grow in partial shade, surface sow, needs light to germinate | |
| Milkweed | 5256 | Asclepias syriaca | perennial | 3-5' | beds and borders, edible, fragrance | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP or transplant | 3-4 | 65-70° | 7-14 | stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Millet, Purple Majesty | 5259 | Pennisetum glaucum | annual | 3-5' | beds and borders, cutting, novel accent | late summer | transplant | 2-3 | 70-85° | 5–10 | |
| Morning Glory | 5271ff | Ipomoea spp. | annual | 8-12' | vining and climbing, screen | early summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 3 | 70-85° | 10–21 | scarify seed with sandpaper or emery board, soak see 12-24 hours, use peat pots |
| Nasturtium | 5280ff | Tropaeolum spp. | annual | 12-16" | beds and borders, edible, windowbox, container, cutting | early summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 3 | 65-70° | 10–14 | cover sow |
| Nicotiana | 5300 | Nicotiana sylvestris | annual | 4-6' | fragrance, novel accent | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | needs light to germinate |
| Painted Tongue | 5303 | Salpiglossis sinuata | annual | 15" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–21 | |
| Pansy | 5305ff | Viola spp. | annual | 6-12" | beds and borders, cutting, windowbox, container | spring-early summer | transplant, direct sow in fall, | 8-9 | 60-65° | 12–21 | can grow in partial shade, needs darkness to germinate |
| Petunia | 5321ff | Petunia x hybrida | annual | 4-6" | windowbox, container, beds and borders, ground cover | early summer-fall until frost | transplant | 8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | needs light to germinate |
| Phacelia | 5331 | Phacelia tanacetifolia | annual | 18-30" | beds and borders | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP | 60-65° | 7–12 | ||
| Phlox, annual | 5335 | Phlox drummondii | annual | 6-8" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall after frost | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP | 8 | 60-65° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade |
| Phlox, perennial | 5339 | P. paniculata | perennial | 36" | beds and borders, cutting | late summer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow in fall | 10-12 | 60-65° | 21–30 | can grow in partial shade, stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Pincushion Flower | 5341 | Scabiosa atropurpurea | annual | 36" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall after frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 4-5 | 65-70° | 14–21 | |
| Poppy, Oriental | 5345 | Papaver orientale | perennial | 16" | beds and borders, novel accent, drying | spring-early summer | direct sow in spring ASAP | 7–14 | needs light to germinate | ||
| Poppy, annual | 5350ff | Papaver spp. | self-sowing annual | 24-48" | beds and borders, cutting, novel accent, drying | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in fall, direct sow in spring ASAP | 14–21 | |||
| Poppy, California | 5381 | Eschscholzia californica | annual | 8-12" | beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP | 14–21 | |||
| Queen Anne's Lace | 5385 | Daucus carota | biennial/annual | 36-50" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 4-5 | 60-65° | 12–21 | |
| Red Hot Poker | 5343 | Kniphofia uvaria | perennial | 32" | beds and borders, cutting, novel accent | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 8-10 | 65-70° | 21–28 | use peat pots |
| Rudbeckia, perennial | 5393 | Rudbeckia fulgida | perennial | 24" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-late summer | transplant | 6-8 | 70-85° | 7–21 | needs light to germinate |
| Rudbeckia, annual | 5395ff | R. hirta | annual | 24-36" | beds and borders, cutting, novel accent | early summer-late summer | transplant, direct sow in fall, | 6-10 | 70-85° | 14–21 | |
| Salvia | 5406ff | Salvia spp. | tender perennial grown as annual | 12-18" | beds and borders, cutting, drying | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 10-12 | 65-70° | 14–21 | surface sow |
| Snapdragon | 5431 | Antirrhinum majus | annual | 30-36" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall after frost | transplant | 8-10 | 60-70° | 7–14 | can grow in partial shade, chill seed 2 weeks needs light to germinate |
| Statice | 5449 | Limonium sinuatum | annual | 24-30" | drying, cutting, beds and borders | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 8-9 | 65-85° | 7–14 | surface sow |
| Stock | 5475 | Matthiola incana | annual | 12-18" | beds and borders, cutting | early summer-fall after frost | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 7–14 | surface sow |
| Strawflower | 5483ff | Xerochrysum bracteatum | annual | 14-40" | drying, beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 7-8 | 70-85° | 7–14 | needs light to germinate, surface sow |
| Sunflower | 5500ff | Helianthus spp. | self-sowing annual | 2-12' | cutting, novel accent, screen | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed, transplant | 3-4 | 65-85° | 7–14 | |
| Sweet Annie | 5603 | Artemisia annua | self-sowing annual | 36-60" | fragrance, drying | late summer-fall until frost | direct sow in fall, transplant | 6-8 | 60-65° | 10–21 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate, stratify seed; place in moist soil and freeze or refrigerate or alternate between the fridge and freezer |
| Sweet Pea, perennial | 5611 | Lathyrus latifolius | perennial | 5-6' | cutting, screen, vining and climbing | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP | 60-65° | 21–28 | soak see 12-24 hours, cover sow | |
| Sweet Pea, annual | 5614ff | L. odoratus | annual | 1-6' | cutting, fragrance, screen, vining and climbing | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6-8 | 60-65° | 14–21 | soak see 12-24 hours, cover sow |
| Sweet William | 5061 | Dianthus barbatus | self-sowing biennial | 18" | fragrance, beds and borders, cutting | early summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 7–14 | |
| Thyme, Creeping | 5643 | Thymus serpyllum | perennial | 2-3" | fragrance, ground cover, beds and borders | midsummer-late summer | direct sow in spring ASAP, transplant, direct sow in fall | 8-9 | 60-65° | 14–28 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate |
| Tithonia | 5647ff | T. rotundifolia | annual | 4-6' | beds and borders, novel accent, screen | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 6 | 70-85° | 7–14 | |
| Verbena | 5661ff | Verbena spp. | annual | 8", 48" | windowbox, container, beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant | 6-8 | 65-70° | 14–21 | can grow in partial shade, needs light to germinate, chill seed 3 weeks |
| Wallflower | 5675 | Cheiranthus allionii | biennial | 9-12" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow in spring ASAP | 6-8 | 60-65° | 7–21 | |
| Zinnia | 5700ff | Zinnia spp. | annual | 20-42" | beds and borders, cutting | midsummer-fall until frost | transplant, direct sow when soil has warmed or after danger of frost has passed | 3-4 | 70-85° | 7–14 | |